“The aforementioned case” just means “the case that was mentioned previously.”

Yes, it is 100% in the public interest to break confidentiality to report instances of egregious bodily harm to other human beings. The confessional seal should not be more important than justice for victims of crimes. This is why many countries have mandatory reporting requirements.

It is not for the priest to decide whether someone is at risk of reoffending. We should not trust bad people to police themselves. And if the situation is someone confessing to hurting another person, they have already breached the trust placed in them by society. If you just ask them to turn themselves in, they will often breach that trust again.

Well, it’s impossible for anyone who owns a red sports car to become homeless, so he must have been lying.

They don’t really mean the exact same thing, or at least not in my dialect. “Fixing to” implies that the thing will happen imminently, not just in the future.